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HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: EXTENDING THE FIVE SENSES (HHS 212) NOTE: This course is offered every other year in Winter term (2008, 2010) The syllabus below is an earlier version and subject to change when the course is taught again. WEEK ONE: What is a Technology? WEEK ONE: What is a Technology? a) The sociology and anthropology of technology Howard S. Frazier and Frederick Mosteller, eds., Medicine worth paying for: assessing medical innovations ( Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), chapter 2, “Evaluating Medical Technologies”. COURSE PACK Casper , Monica and Koenig, Barbara. “Reconfiguring nature and culture: Intersections of medical anthropology and technoscience studies”, Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10 (1996), 523-536. Casper , Monica and Marc Berg. “Constructivist perspectives on medical work: medical practices and science and technology studies”, Science, Technology & Human Values 20 (1995), 395-407. Berg, Marc. “The politics of technology: On bringing social theory into technological design”, Science, Technology & Human Values 23 (1998), 456-90.
Lawrence, Christopher. 1985. “Incommunicable Knowledge: Science, Technology and the Clinical Art in Britain 1850-1914”, Journal of Contemporary History , 20: 503-520. Marcell Mauss, “Body Techniques”, in (1934) in Fraser, M. and M. Greco, eds., The Body: A Reader ( London : Routledge, 2005), 73-77. COURSE PACK Laurence Brockliss, “In Bad Odour: Smell and its Significance in Medicine from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century”, in W.F. Bynum and Roy Porter, eds., Medicine and the Five Senses (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 61-68. COURSE PACK Collins, H.M., G. H. de Vries, and W. E. Bijker. 1997. “Ways of going on: An analysis of skill applied to medical practice”, Science, Technology & Human Values 22: 267-285. Case Study: Stanley Reiser, Medicine and the Reign of Technology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), chapter 2, “The Stethoscope and the Detection of Pathology by Sound”. COURSE PACK Jonathan Sterne, The Audible Past: Cultural Origins of Sound Reproduction (Duke University Press, 2003). COURSE PACK Optional Readings : Trevor Pinch and Wiebe E. Bijker, “The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts: Or how the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other”, in Wiebe E. Bijker, Thomas Hughes and Trevor Pinch, eds, The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), 17-50. W. Bijker and J. Law, eds., Shaping technology, building society: Studies in sociotechnical change (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992). Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society (New York: Vintage, 1964).
WEEK TWO: Extending the Senses a) Shifting Focus from the Bedside to Bench Susan Lawrence, Charitable Knowledge: Hospital Pupils and Practitioners in Eighteenth-Century London (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), chapter 8, “Hospital Men Make Medical Knowledge.” COURSE PACK Nicholas Jewson, “The Disappearance of the Sick-Man from Medical Cosmology, 1770-1870”, Sociology 10 (1976), 225-44. Mary Fissell, “The Disappearance of the Patient's Narrative and the invention of Hospital Medicine”, in Roger French and Andrew Wear, eds., British Medicine in the Age of Reform (London and New York: Routledge, 1991), 92-109. COURSE PACK John Harley Warner, “Fall and rise of professional mystery: epistemology, authority and the emergence of laboratory medicine in nineteenth-century America ” in Andrew Cunningham and Perry Williams, eds., The Laboratory Revolution in Medicine ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press), 110-141. COURSE PACK Timothy Lenoir, “Science for the Clinic”, in William Coleman and Frederic L. Holmes, eds., The Investigative Enterprise : Experimental Physiology in Nineteenth-Century Medicine (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988). COURSE PACK b) Science, Technology & Medicine: A Collaborative Enterprise Steven Shapin, “Invisible Technicians”, from his Social History of Truth (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994). COURSE PACK Murray Eden , “The Engineering-Industrial Accord: Inventing the Technology of Health Care”, in Stanley Joel Reiser and Michael Anbar, eds., The Machine at the Bedside: Strategies for Using Technology in Patient Care (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 49-64. COURSE PACK Daniel Lee Kleinman, “Untangling Context: Understanding the University Laboratory in the Commercial World”, Science, Technology & Human Values 23 (1998), 285-314. Annetine Gelijns and Nathan Rosenberg, “The Changing Nature of Medical Technology Development”, in Nathan Rosenberg, et. al., Sources of Medical Technology: Universities and Industry (Institute of Medicine, 1995), 3-40. COURSE PACK Case study: Optional Readings:
WEEK THREE: Technological Representation and Intervention Ian Hacking, “Introduction”, “Microscopes”, from his Representing and Intervening: Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983). COURSE PACK Simon, Christian. “Images and Image: Technology and the Social Politics of Revealing Disorder in a North American Hospital ”, Medical Anthropology Quarterly 13 (1999), 141-162. Amit Prasad, “Making Images/Making Bodies: Visibilizing and Disciplining through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)”, Science, Technology and Human Values 30 (2005), 291-316. Thomas Csordas, “Computerized Cadavers: Shades of Being and Representation in Virtual Reality”, in Paul Brodwin, ed., Biotechnology and Culture: Bodies, Anxieties, Ethics ( Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2000), 173-192. COURSE PACK Case study: The Emergence of the “Difference Image” Brian Dolan , “Pedagogy through print: James Sowerby, John Mawe, and the problem of colour illustration in early nineteenth-century natural history”, British Journal for the History of Science , 31 (1998), 275-304 . COURSE PACK Steven Shapin, “The Politics of Observation: Cerebral Anatomy and Social Interests in the Edinburgh Phrenology Disputes”, in R. Wallis, ed., On the Margins of Science (Keele, Staffordshire, 1979), 139-178. COURSE PACK Kovalev, Vassili and Maria Petrou, “Texture analysis in three dimensions as a cue to medical diagnosis”, in Isaac Bankman, ed. Handbook of medical imaging: Processing and analysis ( San Diego : Academic Press, 2000). COURSE PACK William Uttal,, The new phrenology: The limits of localizing cognitive processes in the brain ( Cambridge , MA : MIT Press, 2001). COURSE PACK Optional readings: Lisa Cartwright, Screening the Body: Tracing Medicine's Visual Culture (Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1995).
WEEK FOUR: Mediating Machines: The Influence of Technology on Medical Decision Making a) Learning to Act “Keeping up with Technology and the Changing Role of Medicine”, Contemporary Issues in Medical Education 2 (1999). K.A. Miles, “Diagnostic imaging in undergraduate medical education: an expanding role”, Clinical Radiology 60 (2005), 742-745. Abd-El-Khalick, F., R.L. Bell and N.G. Lederman. 1998. “The nature of science and instructional practice: Making the unnatural natural”, Science Education 82: 417-37. Warwick Anderson , “The Reasoning of the Strongest: The Polemics of Skill and Science in Medical Diagnosis”, Social Studies of Science 22 (1992), 653-684. Harry Collins, “Tacit Knowledge, Trust, and the Q of Sapphire”, Social Studies of Science 31 (2001), 71-85. b) The Skill of Machines: Joanne Hartland, “Automating Blood Pressure Measurements: The Division of Labor and the Transformation of Method”, Social Studies of Science 26 (1996), 71-94. Diana Forsythe, “New bottles, old wine: Hidden cultural assumptions in a computerized explanation system for migraine sufferers”, Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10 (1996), 551-574. Brian Dolan , “Pixels, Patterns, and Problems of Vision: Interpretive Uncertainties and Computer-Aided Diagnosis in the Case Study of Mammography”, typescript.
WEEK FIVE: Technology and Health Policy: The Hospital-University-Corporate Matrix a) Hospitals and Technology J.H. Warner and J.A. Tighe, “Technological Imperative? Hospitals, Professions, and Patient Expectations, 1890-1950,” in Major Problems in the History of American Medicine and Public Health (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 349-387. COURSE PACK Bonnie Kaplan, “ The Computer Prescription: Medical Computing, Public Policy, and Views of History”, Science, Technology, & Human Values , 20 (1995), 5-38. Joel D. Howell, Technology in the hospital: transforming patient care in the early twentieth century ( Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 30-68. COURSE PACK Louise Russell, Technology in hospitals: Medical advances in their diffusion (New York: Brookings Institution, 1979), 1-40. COURSE PACK b) Technological incentives Joanne Spetz, "Physicians and Physicists: The Interdisciplinary Introduction of the Laser to Medicine", in Nathan Rosenberg, A. Gelikns and Holly Dawkins, eds., Sources of Medical Technology: Universities and Industry (Institute of Medicine, 1995), 41-66. Available on-line through the National Academies Press. Optional The Nature of Technological Change: Incentives Matter!”, in A. Gelijns and Holly Dawkins, eds, Adopting New Medical Technology (Institute of Medicine, 1994), available on-line through the National Academies Press. “Learning the Use of Rational Technology in Medicine”, in Stewart Wolf, ed., The Technological Imperative in Medicine (New York and London: Plenum Press, 1981), 1-34 (and the other essays are good). H. David Banta, An approach to the social control of hospital technologies ( Geneva: Division of Strengthening of Health Services, World Health Organization, 1995). Foote, Susan Bartlett, Managing the Medical Arms Race: Innovation and Public Policy in the Medical Device Industry (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992). ON-LINE through California Digital Library (UC networked computer)
WEEK SIX: Technology and the Patient Patient's Point of View: William Hoskin, “Neurology Rounds”, pp. 262-3, from The Tyranny of the Normal: An Anthology, Carol Donley and Sheryl Buckley, eds. (Kent State, 1996) COURSE PACK Oliver Wendell Holmes, “The Stethoscope Song, a Professional Ballad”, from On Doctoring: Stories, Poems, Essays, Richard Reynolds and John Stone, eds (Simon & Schuster, 2001) pp. 25-6 COURSE PACK Randall Jarrell, “The X-Ray Waiting Room in the Hospital”, from On Doctoring: Stories, Poems, Essays, Richard Reynolds and John Stone, eds (Simon & Schuster, 2001) p. 154 COURSE PACK Anatole Broyard, “Doctor, Talk to Me”, from On Doctoring: Stories, Poems, Essays, Richard Reynolds and John Stone, eds (Simon & Schuster, 2001) 166-172 COURSE PACK David Hilfiker, “Mistakes”, from On Doctoring: Stories, Poems, Essays, Richard Reynolds and John Stone, eds (Simon & Schuster, 2001) 325-36 COURSE PACK Raymond Carver, “A Small, Good Thing”, in A Life in Medicine, Robert Coles and Randy Testa, eds. (The New Press, 2002), 180-20 COURSE PACK Law: Harold Bursztajn, Robert Hamm, and Thomas Gutheil, “The Technological Target: Involving the Patient in Clinical Choices”, in Stanley Joel Reiser and Michael Anbar, eds., The Machine at the Bedside: Strategies for Using Technology in Patient Care (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 177-191. COURSE PACK Gendered Technologies: Ann Rudinow Saetnan, Nelly Oudshoorn, and Marta Kirejczyk, eds., “ Imagined men: representations of masculinities in discourses on male contraceptive technology”, in Bodies of technology: women's involvement with reproductive medicine (Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2000). COURSE PACK Information Overload:
WEEK SEVEN: Technology and Medical Surveillance a) Technology and the Gaze Andrew Warwick, “X-Rays as Evidence in German Orthopaedic Surgery, 1895-1900”, Isis 96 (2005), 1-24. David Armstrong, “The Rise of Surveillance Medicine”, Sociology of Health and Illness 17 (1995), 393-404. COURSE PACK b) Technology and Subjection Stanley Joel Reiser, “The Emergence of the Concept of Screening for Disease”, Health and Society 56 (1978), 403-23. COURSE PACK Laura Woliver, "New Reproductive Technologies: Challenges to Women's Control of Gestation and Birth", in Robert Black and Miriam Mills, eds, Biomedical Technology and Public Policy (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989), 43-56. COURSE PACK Patricia Kaufert, “Screening the Body: The Pap Smear and the Mammogram”, in Margaret Lock, Alan Young, and Alberto Cambrosio, eds., Living and Working with the New Medical Technologies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 165-183. COURSE PACK Marianne H. Whatley and Nancy Worcester, “The Role of Technology in the Co-option of the Women's Health Movement: The Cases of Osteoporosis and Breast Cancer Screening”, in Kathryn Strother Ratcliff, ed., Healing Technology: Feminist Perspectives (University of Michigan Press, 1989), 199-220. COURSE PACK Case study: The Mammography Debate Elizabeth Morris, “Breast MRI for Cancer Screening in High-Risk Patients”, Applied Radiology Supplement (2005), 4-9. COURSE PACK Optional: Foucault, Michel. 1983. “The Subject and Power”, in Hubert Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics ( University of Chicago Press, 2 nd ed.), 208-226.
WEEK EIGHT: Making Medicine Mobile a) Technology Transfer and Post-Colonial Technoscience Warwick Anderson, “Postcolonial Technoscience”, Social Studies of Science 32 (2005), 643-58. COURSE PACK Amit Prasad, “Scientific Culture in the ‘Other' Theater of ‘Modern Science': An Analysis of the Culture of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research in India ”, Social Studies of Science 35 (2005), 463-489. b) Telemedicine: Hands Free Medicine Cartwright, L., “Reach Out and Heal Someone: Rural Telemedicine and the Globalization of U.S. Health Care” In Biotechnology and Culture: Bodies, Anxieties, Ethics , P. E. Brodwin, ed., ( Indiana University Press, Bloomington , 2000), 241-263 Cutchin, M. P., “Virtual Medical Geographies: Conceptualizing Telemedicine and Regionalization”, Progress in Human Geography 26 (2002), 19-39. Nettleton, S., “The Emergence of E-Scaped Medicine?”, Sociology 38 (2004): 661-679. P. Whitten, et al., "Transcending the Technology of Telemedicine: An Analysis of Telemedicine in North Carolina", Health Communication 12 (2002), 109-35. Thomas Ricketts, "The Changing Nature of Rural Health Care", Ann Rev of Public Health 21 (2000), 639-57. Pattanasak Mongkolwat, Alexandr Kogan, Jennifer Koh, David Channan, “Blogging your PACS”, Journal of Digital Imaging (2005), 1-7. Download David Bandon, Christian Lovis, Antoine Geissbühler and Jean-Paul Vallée, “ Enterprise-wide PACS: Beyond Radiology, an Architecture to Manage All Medical Images”, Academic Radiology 12 (2005), 1000-1009. Case studies: B. Boulanger, et al., "Telemedicine: A Solution to the Followup of Rural Trauma Patients?", Journal of the American College of Surgeons 192 (2001), 451-464. Optional readings: Sinha, A., “An Overview of Telemedicine: The Virtual Gaze of Health Care in the Next Century”, Medical Anthropology Quarterly 14 (2000): 291-309. Adam Darkins and Margaret Cary, Telemedicine and Telehealth: Principles, Policies, Performance and Pitfalls (Springer Publishing Company, 2000) Sandra Harding, Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1998) Daniel Headrick, The Tentacles of Progress: Technology Transfer in the Age of Imperialism, 1850-1940 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988)
WEEK NINE: Technological Transformations: “Heterotypical Technology” a) One Technology, Many Functions Michel Foucault, “Of Other Spaces” (1986) Stephen Barley, “The Social Construction of a Machine: Ritual, Superstition, Magical Thinking and Other Pragmatic Responses to Running a CT Scanner”, in M. Lock and D. Gordon, eds, Biomedicine Examined (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988), 497-539. COURSE PACK Bettyann Kevles, Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1999), chapter 8. COURSE PACK Case study:
Gerald P. McKenny, To relieve the human condition: bioethics, technology, and the body ( Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1997), chapter 1 COURSE PACK STUDENT PRESENTATIONS
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